Great+Individuals+of+the+British+Empire+(7A)

= Famous People Captain Robert Falcon Scott ﻿ = Robert Falcon Scott was an officer and explorer for the Royal Navy and was born in 1868 on June 6. Robert led 2 journeys to regions in the Antarctic area. Before leaving on his first journey he worked in Victoria, Britain, as a naval officer. This career led him to the opportunities of leading the Discovery Expedition rather than going on the Polar Exploration. His first journey to the regions in the Antarctic, known as the Discovery Expedition, started in 1901 and ended in 1904. His second journey, known as the Terra Nova Expedition, was a very ill-fated journey which went from 1910 to 1913. On this journey he had a party of 5 with him as he led the way and finally arrived at the South Pole in 1912 on the 17th of January. But to their disappointment Roald Amundsen’s Norwegian expedition beat them to it. Robert and his troop died from exhaustion, cold and starvation. Captain Robert Falcon Scott died on March 29, 1912. The final 12 years of his life, after making the decision to lead the Discovery Expedition, was mainly spent in the Antarctic. After his death, Robert became a British hero for over 50 years and there are still some memorials of him through out England. =Joseph Conrad =

Joseph was one of the best writers in all of English literiture. This is surprising though as English was his third language. His books are mainly based on the characteristics of late Victorian men and women. Joseph was born in Berdichev in the then Polish Ukraine, under the name Jozef Teodor Konrad Nalecz Korzeniowski. Joseph’s father had translated most of Shakespeare’s and Victor Hugo’s work but in 1862, was exiled in Vologda. Joseph went to school is Cracow and Switzerland, but in 1874 he travelled to Marseille to follow his dream and go to sea. He worked on a Belgium ship and he also travelled to the West Indies. He became a gambler and soon had huge debts. To escape his debts he attempted to shoot himself in the chest. He worked on an English merchant ship in 1878. with a 2 year break. He then joined the British merchant navy for 16 years with only a 2 year break, and then, in 1884, becoming a British citizen. He received is master certificate during his many travels to Singapore and Borneo. Joseph spent his 2 year break in Belgian Congo as a river boat captain and used these experiences in his literacy. Joseph published his first book in 1895 called Almayer’s Folly. After publishing this book he settled down in Ashford with his wife, Jessie George. Joseph did not have a very successful early years, besides the birth of his 2 sons. He was financially unstable. However this problem improved after the publishing of the book Chance in 1914. After this book was published it made the public read his earlier publishing that were not as famous.Some of his books such as; Lord Jim, Nostromo and The Secret Agent were considered English Literature master piece. The publishing of all these books made Joseph’s later life easier. Joseph died in 1924, the same year he refused the offer of a knighthood. =Edward Elgar =  Sample of his music: [|__http://www.britishempire.co.uk/sounds/enigma.wav__]

  Edward Elgar was born in 1857 in Malvern Hills in Broadheath, near Worcester in England. His father was a organist and owned a music shop so Edward grew up in a very musical environment. Edward learnt both the violin and piano while he was still very young. He joined a local orchestra as a violinist at the age of 16 and soon became the conducter. He also took his father’s place as an organist for the Catholic Church.  Edward taught himself music, but he and his teacher, a Hungarian violinist named Adolf Pollitzer, both agreed he become a professional violin player, but they both noticed he was a fabulous composer. Unfortunately, it would be hard for Edward to use these skills as he was only a middle class person, so he taught music in a Girl’s School. Two things brought Edward hope in his dream of becoming a composer and those two things were his wife, Caroline Alice Roberts, and the music of Czech.  Caroline gave him hope and advised him to go to London where his work would be recognized. He did not get very far in London so he returned to teaching in Malvern.  Edward kept on playing and conducting until he slowly became recognized. His pieces: //**Enigma Variations**// <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #220000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(1899) and <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #220000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">//**The Dream of the Gerontius**// <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #220000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (1900) gave him the most recognition in Europe and made him stand out from the other composers. People in Germany appreciated his music the most.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Edward gained Royal recognition and a Knighthood in 1902.

<span style="background-color: transparent; display: block; font-family: Times; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #220000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In 1919, Edward could not write anything more than the <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #220000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">//**Cello Concerto**// <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #220000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">after the sudden death of his wife. Edward passed away in 1934 while listening to his <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #220000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">//**Second Symphony**// <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #220000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> on the gramaphone. =<span style="color: #000080; display: block; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%; text-align: center;">Florence Nightingale =

<span style="background-color: transparent; display: block; font-family: Times; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Florence Nightingale was born in 1920 to a wealthy family. Against her her parent’s wishes, she decided to become a nurse. Nurses were looked down upon by most people so it was a shame for her parents to have a nurse as a daughter. Despite her family’s wishes Florence became a nurse and by the time she was 30 she had worked in hospitals all over the world. She became a nurse for the soldiers in war. Florence became friends with <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #220000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Sidney Herbert, the Secretary of War.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #220000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Cholera broke out among the British soldiers at Varna, so they were sent to the Turkish Barrack Hospital in Scutari in Turkey. This hospital was the general hospital, but it was dirty and had no equiptment or beds for the patients. The British soldiers were often left unattended for days since there were so many of them. The British soldiers blamed Sidney Herbert for the break out of cholera since the situation was so bad and he was in charge. So, Sidney Herbert decided to call Florence to come over and help cure the soldiers. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #220000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> When Florence arrived with a group of 38 other nurses she became the 'Superintendent of the Female Nursing Establishment of the English General Hospitals in Turkey.' <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #220000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> The doctors and nurses of the Turkish Barrack Hospital in Scutari in Turkey were unhappy with the arrival of the nurses and their equiptment so they were not given much of a welcome and their rooms were dirty. Florence respected the doctors requests and did not interfere unless called upon. This did not last long though as more people became infected and blizzards sunk ships bringing supplies so suplies were short and Florence and her team had to be called upon. <span style="background-color: transparent; display: block; font-family: Times; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #220000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Florence cleaned out and limescaled and repeatedly flushed the sewers to reduce the spread of cholera. Florence also repaired and cleaned out wards and added beds to the wards. She opened the window shutters to let in fresh air and made sure the patients received hot meals. This was called the <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #220000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">//**Nightingale Power.**// <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #220000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This made the death rate decline. Queen Victoria was very impressed with Florence’s work. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #220000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Later Florence moved to Crimea to supervise in the Balaclava hospital. She caught Crimean Fever and was nursed by her fellow nurses. She then returned to London, unnoticed, to visit her family and did not appear in public at all. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #220000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Florence made an appearance at the 1857 Royal Commission to investigate and improve the sanitary conditions and procedures used by the army. Although women were not meant to present themselves in person, but Florence’s pie charts and information were enough. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #220000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Florence never fully recovered from the Crimean Fever. She founded the Nightingale School for Nurses at St Thomas's Hospital in London. She died in 1910 at the age of 90. =<span style="color: #000080; display: block; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%; text-align: center;">Tennyson = <span style="color: #000080; display: block; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%; text-align: center;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; display: block; font-family: Times; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Alfred Tennyson was considered the greatest poet of his generation, and even his century. Tennyson was an extremely famous poet born in 1809 and died in 1892. His poems; <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">//**In Memoriam**// <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">//,// <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> created in 1850, and <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">//**Idylls of the King**// <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, which was published in stages over 40 years, were both recognized as one of the best pieces of English Literature. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">//**The Brook**// <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">//**The May Queen**// <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, and <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">//**The Charge of the Light Brigade**// <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">and many other of Tennyson’s short poems were transformed into songs. His poetry has survived over 150 years. One of his famous poems is; =<span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 60%;">WHY should we weep for those who die? = =<span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 60%;"> They fall--their dust returns to dust; = =<span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 60%;"> Their souls shall live eternally = =<span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 60%;"> Within the mansions of the just. =

= = =<span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 60%;"> They die to live--they sink to rise, = =<span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 60%;"> They leave this wretched mortal shore; = =<span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 60%;"> But brighter suns and bluer skies = =<span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 60%;"> Shall smile on them for evermore. =

= = =<span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 60%;"> Why should we sorrow for the dead? = =<span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 60%;"> Our life on earth is but a span; = =<span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 60%;"> They tread the path that all must tread, = =<span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 60%;"> They die the common death of man. =

= = =<span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 60%;"> The noblest songster of the gale = =<span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 60%;"> Must cease, when Winter's frowns appear; = =<span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 60%;"> The reddest rose is wan and pale, = =<span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 60%;"> When Autumn tints the changing year. =

= = =<span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 60%;"> The fairest flower on earth must fade, = =<span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 60%;"> The brightest hopes on earth must die: = =<span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 60%;"> Why should we mourn that man was made = =<span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 60%;"> To droop on earth, but dwell on high? =

= = =<span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 60%;"> The soul, th' eternal soul, must reign = =<span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 60%;"> In worlds devoid of pain or strife; = =<span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 60%;"> Then why should mortal man complain = =<span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 60%;"> Of death, which leads to happier life? =

=<span style="color: #0000ee; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;">Back to Links to Cliodhna's work on the British Empire =

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[|__http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott__]__<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[|__http://www.britishempire.co.uk/biography/elgar.htm__] __<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[|__http://www.sc.edu/library/spcoll/britlit/tenn/2poems.html__]__<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[|__http://www.britishempire.co.uk/biography/nightingale.htm__] __<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[|__http://www.britishempire.co.uk/biography/conrad.htm__] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[] [] [] [] []